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Process Data set: LIB Pyrometallurgy--Sulfation roasting(Process C) (en) en zh

Key Data Set Information
Location CN
Reference year 2013
Name
LIB Pyrometallurgy--Sulfation roasting(Process C)
Use advice for data set The data set is derived from an average of results reported in literature reviews and should be used to represent sulfation roasting processes within the timeframe of 2013-2016. Users of this data set should note that it does not account for the recycling or treatment of plastics and metal casings, labor costs, and factory construction costs. Additionally, when applying this data in a context specific to China, users should combine this data with official Chinese statistics, trade and industry sources to ensure relevance and accuracy. This data set is specifically tailored for life cycle assessment of a typical 100 kg batch of LIB electrode material and may not accurately represent other industrial applications.
Technical purpose of product or process This industrial process is utilized for the extraction of valuable metals using sulfation roasting, a pyrometallurgical technique. Sulfation roasting at low temperatures (200-600 oC) involves adding sulfuric acid or sulfate to a roaster to convert valuable metals into their sulfate forms. The metals are subsequently leached out with hot water and recovered through precipitation. This process is typically applied in metallurgical industries for metal recovery from ores, minerals, and waste materials.
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: End-of-life treatment / Material recycling
General comment on data set The sulphate solution is obtained by adding sulphuric acid or sulphate to the roaster at low temperatures (200-600 oC) to sulphate the valuable metals and then leach them out in hot water, where the valuable metals are recovered by precipitation.
Copyright No
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Functional Unit FU is a typical type of LIB electrode material of 100 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2017
Time representativeness description Data source: 2013-2017
Technological representativeness
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s)
  • QuELbmhO5oFDHgxYwwkclX3En8f.png Image
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, single operation
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations None
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations None
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None
Data selection and combination principles The input-output of the process comes from the average results of the data reported in the literature review, reflecting the representative process from "tomb" to "cradle". This study does not consider the recycling or treatment of plastic and metal shells, and labor costs, factory construction costs, and their impact on the environment are also not included in this analysis.
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None
Data treatment and extrapolations principles It is worth noting that the EU's data is not specific to a specific industry, and some import and export data and recycling information are not suitable for China's situation. Therefore, the improved CRMs evaluation method also combines official Chinese data, literature reports, and data from other interest groups such as trade/industry associations to conduct the best estimation of data from major LIB manufacturers, recycling companies, official management agencies in China, and other stakeholders. In terms of data timeliness, the reference period used in the evaluation of CRMs is based on the latest 4-year average (i.e. 2013-2016).
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations None
Data source(s) used for this data set
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Dependent internal review
Reviewer name and institution
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-02-04T12:52:26+08:00
Publication and ownership
UUID db50f98a-d228-4a60-b9b4-67848b4e62cd
Date of last revision 2024-05-13T14:56:16.275867+08:00
Data set version 01.00.005
Permanent data set URI https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=db50f98a-d228-4a60-b9b4-67848b4e62cd&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong
Owner of data set
Copyright No
License type Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
Materials production / Other materials 100.0 kg100.0 kg
General comment Electrode paste
Product flow Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 49.0 kg49.0 kg
Elementary flow Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground 126.6 kg126.6 kg
Elementary flow Resources / Resources from water / Renewable material resources from water 110.0 m3110.0 m3
Product flow
Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 19.5 kg19.5 kg
General comment coal
Product flow Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 25.2 MJ25.2 MJ

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 7.9 kg7.9 kg
Product flow Materials production / Other materials 2.7 kg2.7 kg
Product flow
Materials production / Metals and semimetals 10.0 m310.0 m3
General comment Ni salt、metal
Product flow
Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 19.0 kg19.0 kg
General comment Co salt、metal
Product flow
Materials production / Other materials 9.0 kg9.0 kg
General comment Mn salt、metal
Product flow Materials production / Metals and semimetals 16.0 kg16.0 kg
Elementary flow Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground 50.0 kg50.0 kg
Product flow Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 35.0 kg35.0 kg
Waste flow Wastes 7.9 kg7.9 kg
Product flow Emissions / Metal and semimetal elements and ions 1.45 kg1.45 kg
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 58.5 kg58.5 kg
General comment The original text does not distinguish between bio and fossil, and according to experts, it is fossil here
Elementary flow Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 3.0 kg3.0 kg
Product flow End-of-life treatment / Waste water treatment 100.0 kg100.0 kg