Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Reference year | 2022 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | The inventory data provided within this dataset originates from various stages of the production process for three types of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (AECs) including LAECs, PAECs, and PHAECs. Users should consider the specific manufacturing differences, especially in the repair conditions of Al2O3 dielectric films and the introduction of conductive polymers. The dataset is based on data from the year 2016 sourced from the Gabi database and information from the investigated manufacturers. For the most accurate impact assessment, users should follow the detailed Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data and methodologies provided in the supporting documents (Supporting Info B, Sheets 5–7 for inventory data and Sheet 2 for unit impact), ensuring appropriate application in LCA context. If different years or production technologies are used in the assessment, adjustments to reflect technology and energy consumption progress should be considered. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | This dataset provides an overview of the production process of Polymer Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (PAECs), which are primarily used in electronic devices for energy storage and filtering applications. These capacitors, specifically those greater than 2cm in size, are manufactured using high-purity aluminum ingots and various processes such as smelting, casting, rolling, annealing, etching, and coating to produce anode and cathode foils. The capacitors are suitable for applications where repair of dielectrics is carried out without using an electrolyte during the aging process and where conductive polymers such as PEDOT are introduced between the foils. |
| Classification |
Class name
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Hierarchy level
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| General comment on data set | 聚合物铝电解电容器 (PAEC) 生产阶段 ; 25V 150uf |
| Copyright | No |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Time representativeness | |
| Time representativeness description | Literature published on 2022-11-15 in the literature The reference year of the elementary data (alumminum ingots, separator paper, tansport, electricity, and water) is around 2016 and qcruired from the Gabi database (Version: 10.6.1.35) |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The manufacturing stage of the AECs is divided into several sub-stages in this study based on the actual fabrication segmentation in the AEC industry. First, the high-purity aluminum ingots will be smelt, cast, rolled, and annealed into the aluminum foil with a thickness of about 10–100 μm. Then, anode foil and cathode foil for the AECs will be fabricated, respectively. The same manufacturing processes are applied toward anode foil in three types of AECs. The aluminum blank foil will be etched by the weak acids to increase the superficial area of the foil, and the electrochemical reaction can further form the dielectric (Al2O3). But cathode foil of three types of AECs varies in structure and manufacturing processes due to the differences in electrolytes. The cathode foil of LAECs is made by the etched process, while the cathode foil of PAEC is made by the carbon coating process after the etched process. In PHAECs, when liquid-state electrolyte and solid-state polymer are used simultaneously, the carbon-coated cathode aluminum foil of the PAECs is also replaced by the aluminum foil with TiO2 film to overcome the potential problems on capacitor cycling life. After obtaining the anode and cathode foil, the AECs can be manufactured, assembled, and packed. Besides, there are some differences in the AEC fabrication sub-stage. The specific processes of the three types of AECs are shown in Fig. 2. In detail, the differences in manufacturing processes among the three types of AECs are mainly due to the change of repair conditions of the capacitor dielectric (Al2O3 film) and the introduction of conductive polymer. On the one hand, PAECs and PHAECs cannot use the electrolyte to repair the dielectric layer in the aging process like LAECs, so an additional forming solution is required to perform forming process, which adds extra manufacturing steps. On the other hand, the conductive polymer needs to be effectively introduced into the middle of anode and cathode foils. The conductive polymer (PEDOT) in PAECs is formed by the polymerization reaction of EDOT and oxidizing agents in the capacitor manufacturing process, while the conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) in PHAEC is introduced into the capacitors by the dispersive solution. The collected inventory data of LAECs, PAECs, and PHAECs by the FU are summarized in Table 2. The details of the inventory data are available in Sheets 5–7 of Supporting Info B. |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs