Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | QD-SD-CN |
| Geographical representativeness description | A questionnaire survey was conducted on dairy farms in Qingdao, Shandong Province from July to August 2020. |
| Reference year | 2016 |
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| Use advice for data set | When using data from the non-IPBS system for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), it is important to account for the feed and fertilizer transport distances as they significantly impact energy consumption and environmental effects. Modeling should consider the outsourced feed transportation (30km for silage corn) and the sale of organic fertilizer to local farmers (20km on average). Additionally, attention should be paid to the impact of long-distance transportation of organic fertilizers on N and P loss, which may increase the risk of water eutrophication. Data on mechanical operations for farm tillage not known to farmers can be referenced from related studies. The unit of measurement for data comparison and calculation should be the functional unit of 1t FPCM, corrected for protein and fat content. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | The non-Integrated Planting and Breeding System (non-IPBS) for milk production is an agricultural process where dairy farming and maize silage planting are separate operations. In this system, feed is sourced externally with silage corn transported over average distances of 30km. The produced organic fertilizer is sold to fruit and vegetable farmers, requiring an average transportation of 20km. Contrastingly, in IPBS systems, feed is produced on the farm and organic fertilizers are primarily used on-site, with surplus sold externally. The different models affect the transportation distances and thus feeding costs, as well as the management and utilization routes for organic and liquid fertilizers, influencing environmental impacts through energy consumption and potential nutrient loss. |
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| General comment on data set | In the transport of feed and organic fertilizer, the difference between the two models lies in the transport of silage corn and organic fertilizer. In non-IPBS, silage corn is all purchased, assuming that the average transportation distance is 30km, and organic fertilizer is all sold to fruit and vegetable farmers, with an average transportation distance of 20km. The transportation distance of the two is 1km. Different transportation distances will lead to different energy consumption, and thus different impacts on the environment. Relevant studies have shown that long distance transport of organic fertilizers will increase the loss of N and P in feces and increase the risk of eutrophication in water [11]. According to the investigation, the fertilizer value of liquid fertilizer is low, and vegetable and fruit farmers are reluctant to buy liquid fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer of the two modes is sprayed by the farm car to the surrounding farmland or farm farmland, and the transportation distance is 1km. The other feed transportation distance of the two modes is the same, and the concentrated feed, soybean meal, corn kernel and wheat bran are from the local market, and the transportation distance is the same About 50km. Cottonseed from Gansu Province, the transport distance of about 1830km. Leymus chinensis from Heilongjiang Province, the transport distance of about 1720km. Oats and alfalfa come from the United States and travel a distance of about 18,000 km |
| Copyright | No |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Functional Unit | The 1t FPCM corrected for protein and fat content was selected as the evaluation unit |
| Time representativeness | |
| Time representativeness description | From 2016, Shandong began to implement the silage corn planting subsidy policy, is one of the earliest provinces to implement the subsidy policy, the subsidy standard is 20~50 yuan /t. In 2019, Shandong Province silage corn planting area reached 14,100 hm2, accounting for 7.3% of the country. |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | In the study area, there are mainly two milk production modes :IPBS and non-IPBS. In non-IPBS, the farms only have feeding links and manure treatment links, all the feed is purchased, and the manure pile fertilizer is made into organic fertilizer and sold to fruit and vegetable farmers. In IPBS, the silage corn planting process is increased in the farm, organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer are mainly applied to the farm field, and the remaining part is sold to fruit farmers and vegetable farmers, etc. The differences between the two models are as follows :1) the sources of silage corn in the farm are different, resulting in different feed transportation distances and feed costs; 2) The use of organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer is different, and the transportation distance is different. A total of 109 dairy farms were investigated in this study, and 83 valid questionnaires were obtained after excluding non-conforming questionnaires, among which 38 were non-IPBS and 45 were IPBS. |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs