Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Reference year | 2022 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | Data users should pay attention to the granularity and applicability of the inventory data, which reflect specific sub-stages in the manufacturing process of various types of aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs). This data set contains information on LAECs, as well as two other AEC variants (PAECs and PHAECs), which may differ in the dielectric repair process and the incorporation of conductive polymers. Users must consider these differences when applying the data to their respective Life Cycle Assessments. The reference year for the baseline data is 2016, and it originates from the Gabi database; data users should note potential discrepancies that may arise due to the evolution of the manufacturing processes or changes in environmental effects since then. Additional methodological details, including scaling from lab data and adjustments made for PHAECs, should be factored in when interpreting and utilizing this data for environmental impact assessments, ensuring an accurate representation of the current technological practices. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Liquid aluminum electrolytic capacitors (LAECs) are electrical components that store electrical charge and energy. The specialized manufacturing process described creates LAECs primarily larger than 2cm, employing primary aluminum ingots. The LAECs produced are commonly used in a diverse range of electronic systems, such as power supplies, consumer electronics, and industrial machinery, where high capacitance and voltage ratings are necessary. They are also used in long-life applications owing to their improved cycling stability provided by the specialized materials and manufacturing techniques, such as the usage of high-purity aluminum and distinct fabrication processes for anode and cathode foils. |
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Hierarchy level
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| General comment on data set | 液态铝电解电容器（LAEC）生产 ; 25V 150uf |
| Copyright | No |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Time representativeness | |
| Time representativeness description | Literature published on 2022-11-15 in the literature The reference year of the elementary data (alumminum ingots, separator paper, tansport, electricity, and water) is around 2016 and qcruired from the Gabi database (Version: 10.6.1.35) |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The manufacturing stage of the AECs is divided into several sub-stages in this study based on the actual fabrication segmentation in the AEC industry. First, the high-purity aluminum ingots will be smelt, cast, rolled, and annealed into the aluminum foil with a thickness of about 10–100 μm. Then, anode foil and cathode foil for the AECs will be fabricated, respectively. The same manufacturing processes are applied toward anode foil in three types of AECs. The aluminum blank foil will be etched by the weak acids to increase the superficial area of the foil, and the electrochemical reaction can further form the dielectric (Al2O3). But cathode foil of three types of AECs varies in structure and manufacturing processes due to the differences in electrolytes. The cathode foil of LAECs is made by the etched process, while the cathode foil of PAEC is made by the carbon coating process after the etched process. In PHAECs, when liquid-state electrolyte and solid-state polymer are used simultaneously, the carbon-coated cathode aluminum foil of the PAECs is also replaced by the aluminum foil with TiO2 film to overcome the potential problems on capacitor cycling life. After obtaining the anode and cathode foil, the AECs can be manufactured, assembled, and packed. Besides, there are some differences in the AEC fabrication sub-stage. The specific processes of the three types of AECs are shown in Fig. 2. In detail, the differences in manufacturing processes among the three types of AECs are mainly due to the change of repair conditions of the capacitor dielectric (Al2O3 film) and the introduction of conductive polymer. On the one hand, PAECs and PHAECs cannot use the electrolyte to repair the dielectric layer in the aging process like LAECs, so an additional forming solution is required to perform forming process, which adds extra manufacturing steps. On the other hand, the conductive polymer needs to be effectively introduced into the middle of anode and cathode foils. The conductive polymer (PEDOT) in PAECs is formed by the polymerization reaction of EDOT and oxidizing agents in the capacitor manufacturing process, while the conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) in PHAEC is introduced into the capacitors by the dispersive solution. The collected inventory data of LAECs, PAECs, and PHAECs by the FU are summarized in Table 2. The details of the inventory data are available in Sheets 5–7 of Supporting Info B. |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs