Key Data Set Information | |
Location | CN |
Reference year | 2018 |
Name |
|
Use advice for data set | When using the data, it is essential to consider the efficiency and environmental impact of the pyrometallurgical recycling process. Users should note that the materials input and emitted pollutants during each stage must be accounted for in the LCA. Due to the high energy consumption, especially at the smelting and roasting stages, the impact on climate change and resource depletion should be carefully assessed. The functional unit for impact assessment based on this data is 1 kWh of battery capacity. |
Technical purpose of product or process | The pyrometallurgical process described is used for recycling end-of-life (EoL) nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) batteries. These recycled materials, such as LiCoO2, are particularly suitable for the production of new lithium-ion batteries. |
Classification |
Class name
:
Hierarchy level
|
General comment on data set | Fully discharged EoL NCM batteries are first disassembled and crushed. The battery material is then processed through a 1400℃ smelting (or sintering) process. This is followed by acid leaching and solvent extraction. Finally, oxidation and roasting at 900℃ to obtain LiCoO2. |
Copyright | No |
Owner of data set | |
Quantitative reference | |
Reference flow(s) |
|
Functional Unit | using 1 kWh as the functionalunit |
Technological representativeness | |
Technology description including background system | After removing the battery shell to obtain the electrode material, limestone is added to the high-temperature environment for roasting. After roasting, lithium and aluminum form slag, which is not recovered, and copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese formed by alloy are separated and extracted through further processing. |
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) |
LCI method and allocation | |||||
Type of data set | Unit process, single operation | ||||
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations | None | ||||
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations | None | ||||
Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations | None | ||||
Data selection and combination principles | The data come from multiple papers and are difficult to distinguish. | ||||
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations | None | ||||
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations | None | ||||
Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
Completeness | |||||
Completeness of product model | No statement | ||||
Validation | |||||
|
Data generator | |
Data set generator / modeller | |
Data entry by | |
Time stamp (last saved) | 2024-04-11T16:29:06+08:00 |
Publication and ownership | |
UUID | 257a8758-793f-4471-bb66-74578b4d5450 |
Date of last revision | 2024-05-13T14:55:59.014885+08:00 |
Data set version | 01.00.005 |
Permanent data set URI | https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=257a8758-793f-4471-bb66-74578b4d5450&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong |
Owner of data set | |
Copyright | No |
License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
Inputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Product flow | Materials production / Other mineralic materials | 1.36 kg | 1.36 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Wastes / Production residues | 3.88 kg | 3.88 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 2.88 kg | 2.88 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 0.085 kg | 0.085 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 0.19 kg | 0.19 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity | 0.054 MJ | 0.054 MJ | ||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Other mineralic materials | 7.4 kg | 7.4 kg | ||||||
Product flow | End-of-life treatment / Material recycling | 3.6 kg | 3.6 kg |
Outputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from air / Renewable material resources from air | 10.32 kg | 10.32 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground | 0.96 kg | 0.96 kg | ||||||
Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground | 0.32 kg | 0.32 kg | ||||||
Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground | 0.98 kg | 0.98 kg | ||||||
Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground | 0.14 kg | 0.14 kg |