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Process Data set: End-of-life ternary lithium batteries Existing pyrometallurgy process (en) en zh

Key Data Set Information
Location CN
Reference year 2018
Name
End-of-life ternary lithium batteries Existing pyrometallurgy process
Use advice for data set When using the data, it is essential to consider the efficiency and environmental impact of the pyrometallurgical recycling process. Users should note that the materials input and emitted pollutants during each stage must be accounted for in the LCA. Due to the high energy consumption, especially at the smelting and roasting stages, the impact on climate change and resource depletion should be carefully assessed. The functional unit for impact assessment based on this data is 1 kWh of battery capacity.
Technical purpose of product or process The pyrometallurgical process described is used for recycling end-of-life (EoL) nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) batteries. These recycled materials, such as LiCoO2, are particularly suitable for the production of new lithium-ion batteries.
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: End-of-life treatment / Material recycling
General comment on data set Fully discharged EoL NCM batteries are first disassembled and crushed. The battery material is then processed through a 1400℃ smelting (or sintering) process. This is followed by acid leaching and solvent extraction. Finally, oxidation and roasting at 900℃ to obtain LiCoO2.
Copyright No
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Functional Unit using 1 kWh as the functionalunit
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system After removing the battery shell to obtain the electrode material, limestone is added to the high-temperature environment for roasting. After roasting, lithium and aluminum form slag, which is not recovered, and copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese formed by alloy are separated and extracted through further processing.
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s)
  • UREdbhWXQoSk76xcBsGcBg9lnAh.png Image
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, single operation
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations None
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations None
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None
Data selection and combination principles The data come from multiple papers and are difficult to distinguish.
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations None
Data source(s) used for this data set
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Dependent internal review
Reviewer name and institution
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-04-11T16:29:06+08:00
Publication and ownership
UUID 257a8758-793f-4471-bb66-74578b4d5450
Date of last revision 2024-05-13T14:55:59.014885+08:00
Data set version 01.00.005
Permanent data set URI https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=257a8758-793f-4471-bb66-74578b4d5450&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong
Owner of data set
Copyright No
License type Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1.36 kg1.36 kg
Product flow Wastes / Production residues 3.88 kg3.88 kg
Product flow
Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 2.88 kg2.88 kg
General comment Sodium hydroxide, production mix/EU-28
Product flow
Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 0.085 kg0.085 kg
General comment Hydrogen peroxide production mix/DE
Product flow
Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 0.19 kg0.19 kg
General comment Lithium carbonate, production mix/CN
Product flow Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 0.054 MJ0.054 MJ
Product flow Materials production / Other mineralic materials 7.4 kg7.4 kg
Product flow End-of-life treatment / Material recycling 3.6 kg3.6 kg

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from air / Renewable material resources from air 10.32 kg10.32 kg
General comment The original text does not distinguish between bio and fossil, and according to experts, it is fossil here
Elementary flow Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground 0.96 kg0.96 kg
Elementary flow Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground 0.32 kg0.32 kg
Elementary flow Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground 0.98 kg0.98 kg
Elementary flow Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground 0.14 kg0.14 kg