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Fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass, commonly referred to as FTO glass, is a type of transparent conductive oxide film used in electrochemical devices. It is produced by depositing FTO thin films on glass substrates, often through methods such as spray pyrolysis, which is simple, economical, and scalable. FTO glass is utilized as a waterproof hole-transport layer for encapsulation in halide-perovskite photoelectrochemical cells and benefits from the insertion of a two-dimensional perovskite layer for passivation. It is known for its chemical stability, abrasion tolerance, resistance to high temperatures, and is particularly attractive for solar cell fabrication due to its high transmittance and low electrical conductivity.
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