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Groundwater remediation refers to the process of treating natural water found below the Earth's surface to remove contaminants. This water is typically located in aquifers, which are underground layers of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures, or unconsolidated materials. Remediation technologies include a variety of in situ and ex situ methods that are selected based on the specific conditions and types of contamination. Nanoscale materials have been developed for environmental site remediation, targeting issues like chlorinated solvents or oil spills. The goal of groundwater remediation is to restore the water to a condition suitable for use, often as part of a response to a confirmed contamination incident.
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