Key Data Set Information | |
Location | CN |
Reference year | 2022 |
Name |
|
Use advice for data set | When using the LCA data for PHAEC production, consider the dataset's reference year (2016) and source (Gabi database version 10.6.1.35) to ensure accuracy of the environmental impact assessments. Integrate the detailed Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data only for applicable PHAEC manufacturing and take into account the additional forming solution used in the manufacturing process compared to LAECs. Pay special attention to the introduction of conductive polymers (PEDOT, PEDOT:PSS) and adjust the manufacturing LCI where cathode foil LCI data for PHAECs is unavailable, using similar processes from PAECs. For end-of-life considerations, use the analysis and calculations provided to evaluate environmental impact comprehensively. |
Technical purpose of product or process | Polymer Hybrid Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (PHAECs) are designed for high-performance electronic applications, where a combination of solid polymer and liquid electrolyte offers improved lifespan and stability for capacitive components. They are typically used in power supply circuits, energy storage systems, and electronic devices that require reliable and long-lasting capacitors larger than 2cm. |
Classification |
Class name
:
Hierarchy level
|
General comment on data set | 聚合物杂化铝电解质电容器 (PHAEC) 生产阶段 ; 25V 150uf |
Copyright | No |
Owner of data set | |
Quantitative reference | |
Reference flow(s) |
|
Time representativeness | |
Time representativeness description | Literature published on 2022-11-15 in the literature The reference year of the elementary data (alumminum ingots, separator paper, tansport, electricity, and water) is around 2016 and qcruired from the Gabi database (Version: 10.6.1.35) |
Technological representativeness | |
Technology description including background system | The manufacturing stage of the AECs is divided into several sub-stages in this study based on the actual fabrication segmentation in the AEC industry. First, the high-purity aluminum ingots will be smelt, cast, rolled, and annealed into the aluminum foil with a thickness of about 10–100 μm. Then, anode foil and cathode foil for the AECs will be fabricated, respectively. The same manufacturing processes are applied toward anode foil in three types of AECs. The aluminum blank foil will be etched by the weak acids to increase the superficial area of the foil, and the electrochemical reaction can further form the dielectric (Al2O3). But cathode foil of three types of AECs varies in structure and manufacturing processes due to the differences in electrolytes. The cathode foil of LAECs is made by the etched process, while the cathode foil of PAEC is made by the carbon coating process after the etched process. In PHAECs, when liquid-state electrolyte and solid-state polymer are used simultaneously, the carbon-coated cathode aluminum foil of the PAECs is also replaced by the aluminum foil with TiO2 film to overcome the potential problems on capacitor cycling life. After obtaining the anode and cathode foil, the AECs can be manufactured, assembled, and packed. Besides, there are some differences in the AEC fabrication sub-stage. The specific processes of the three types of AECs are shown in Fig. 2. In detail, the differences in manufacturing processes among the three types of AECs are mainly due to the change of repair conditions of the capacitor dielectric (Al2O3 film) and the introduction of conductive polymer. On the one hand, PAECs and PHAECs cannot use the electrolyte to repair the dielectric layer in the aging process like LAECs, so an additional forming solution is required to perform forming process, which adds extra manufacturing steps. On the other hand, the conductive polymer needs to be effectively introduced into the middle of anode and cathode foils. The conductive polymer (PEDOT) in PAECs is formed by the polymerization reaction of EDOT and oxidizing agents in the capacitor manufacturing process, while the conductive polymer (PEDOT:PSS) in PHAEC is introduced into the capacitors by the dispersive solution. The collected inventory data of LAECs, PAECs, and PHAECs by the FU are summarized in Table 2. The details of the inventory data are available in Sheets 5–7 of Supporting Info B. |
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) |
LCI method and allocation | |||||
Type of data set | Unit process, single operation | ||||
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations | None | ||||
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations | None | ||||
Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations | None | ||||
Data selection and combination principles | The material information and performance parameters of the three types of AECs are from the investigated manufacturer. Moreover, through the field research of several factories in the AEC industry, the original data on aluminum blank foil fabrication (made from aluminum ingots), anode/cathode foil fabrication (made from aluminum blank foil), and capacitor fabrication were obtained. Due to technical confidentiality, the LCI data of the fabrication of the cathode foil for PHAECs cannot be obtained directly from the supplier. Therefore, the manufacturing LCI of aluminum cathode foil in PHAECs is adjusted according to the coating process data of cathode foil of PAECs, considering their similarity. In the transportation stage, the data of the main raw materials from the material origin to the capacitor manufacturer and the data of the manufactured capacitor products from the manufacturer to the customers are from the supply chain system of the manufacturer. The energy consumption in the use stage is calculated based on the physical equations and the electrical parameters of the AECs. To ensure the completeness of the analysis, the data of the end-of-life stage is obtained based on the analysis and calculation.The reference year of the elementary data is around 2016. The elementary data (i.e., aluminum ingots, separator paper, transport, electricity, and water) are acquired from the Gabi database (Version: 10.6.1.35). In addition, some background data, including 3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT), ammonium adipate, ammonium citrate, etc., are not available in the Gabi database. They are estimated based on the chemical reactions with the material preparation process from the existing raw materials in the Gabi database. The data on the preparation process of the dispersive solution (PEDOT:PSS, 1%wt) for PHAECs' fabrication are scaled from the lab data. The detailed LCI data of the three types of AEC and unit impact of the substance flow is provided in Sheets 5–7 and Sheet 2 of Supporting Info B. | ||||
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations | None | ||||
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations | None | ||||
Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
Completeness | |||||
Completeness of product model | No statement | ||||
Validation | |||||
|
Data generator | |
Data set generator / modeller | |
Data entry by | |
Time stamp (last saved) | 2024-04-30T20:23:58+08:00 |
Publication and ownership | |
UUID | 50ea3706-fd23-4aa8-813f-af4c2bf0cf28 |
Date of last revision | 2024-05-13T14:41:10.965354+08:00 |
Data set version | 01.00.005 |
Permanent data set URI | https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=50ea3706-fd23-4aa8-813f-af4c2bf0cf28&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong |
Owner of data set | |
Copyright | No |
License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
Inputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Product flow | Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity | 23893.56 MJ | 23893.56 MJ | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Metals and semimetals | 292.7 kg | 292.7 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Water | 70856.9 kg | 70856.9 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Other mineralic materials | 31347.7 kg | 31347.7 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Metals and semimetals | 486.8 m3 | 486.8 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Paper and cardboards | 82.4 kg | 82.4 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Other materials | 131.8 kg | 131.8 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Metals and semimetals | 2.12 kg | 2.12 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Metals and semimetals | 15.94 m3 | 15.94 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Plastics | 4.2517 kg | 4.2517 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 60.6473 m3 | 60.6473 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 10.7606 kg | 10.7606 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 38.6649 kg | 38.6649 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 47.5771 kg | 47.5771 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 230.4429 kg | 230.4429 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 11.5995 kg | 11.5995 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Organic chemicals | 7.5919 kg | 7.5919 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 20.7249 m3 | 20.7249 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Emissions / Inorganic covalent compounds | 5.6844 kg | 5.6844 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 28.8565 m3 | 28.8565 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Organic chemicals | 148.5926 kg | 148.5926 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 0.9473 m3 | 0.9473 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Metals and semimetals | 30.901 kg | 30.901 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Organic chemicals | 642.8571 kg | 642.8571 kg | ||||||
|
Outputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Product flow | Emissions / Inorganic covalent compounds | 7.6267 kg | 7.6267 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Waste flow | Wastes / Production residues | 62925.1701 Item(s) | 62925.1701 Item(s) | ||||||
| |||||||||
Waste flow | Wastes / Waste water | 60169.2396 m3 | 60169.2396 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Energy carriers and technologies / Crude oil based fuels | 7.1776 kg | 7.1776 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Metals and semimetals | 20.1195 m3 | 20.1195 m3 | ||||||
| |||||||||
Elementary flow | Emissions / Emissions to water / Emissions to water, unspecified | 2.3634 kg | 2.3634 kg | ||||||
| |||||||||
Product flow | Systems / Electrics and electronics | 1000000.0 Item(s) | 1000000.0 Item(s) | ||||||
|